In the 1990s, Adamantios Sampson began excavating an open-air settlement, first identified by K. Honea in 1973 at the site of Maroulas on Kythnos. Its date was determined by carbon samples to belong to the 9th millennium BC (Mesolithic period), i.e. it is approximately contemporary with the settlements in the caves of Franchthi in the Argolid and Kyklopa in Gioura, with the difference that it is an open-air settlement.
The largest part of it today has been destroyed due to the rise in the sea-level, so that its surviving area is approximately 1000 sq. m. and quite eroded. The circular spaces that came to light were interpreted by the excavator as hut floors with a superstructure made of perishable materials. The presence of a large number of burials of infants, children and adults (men and women) within the settlement indicates permanent or semi-permanent habitation.
The research also yielded deposits, food remains (fish bones, shells, bones of small animals, pigs, etc.) as well as a large number of tools made of quartz, flint/chert and obsidian. Noteworthy is the presence of stone grinders and grinding bowls with a rim, probably for dealing with wild plants (seeds, nuts, bulbs, etc.). The above tools were also used in the processing of minerals (ochre, salt, etc.). The use of such instruments shows that during the Mesolithic period the transition gradually took place from a nomadic lifestyle to one of permanence and of the cultivation of the land. At the same time, comparable grinding utensils exist in the ‘Natufian culture’ of the Near East.
The island’s location on the sea route for the transportation of Melian obsidian contributed to its early occupation. Its numerous small bays were also suitable for the beaching of small prehistoric ships. In addition to Maroulas, surface finds have been identified at other early sites on the island dating back to the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods.
Theodora Papangelopoulou, archaeologist, EFAKYK
